{"id":2830,"date":"2022-02-11T23:54:51","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T15:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dh.oncolab.cn\/index.php\/2022\/02\/11\/linux%e6%9c%80%e5%bc%ba%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93%ef%bc%81\/"},"modified":"2022-02-11T23:54:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T15:54:51","slug":"linux%e6%9c%80%e5%bc%ba%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/dh.oncolab.cn\/index.php\/2022\/02\/11\/linux%e6%9c%80%e5%bc%ba%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93%ef%bc%81\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6700\u5f3a\u603b\u7ed3\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u83dc\u9e1f\u5b66Python\u7f16\u8f91<\/span><\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00
<\/h1>\n

Linux \u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u76f8\u6bd4\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6 Linux<\/code> \u673a\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f80\u5f80\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b66\u597d\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u5907\u4fee\u517b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u4e2a? \u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668 ECS<\/code> \uff08\u6700\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\uff09 CentOS 7.7<\/code> 64\u4f4d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u8111\u5b89\u88c5\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\u518d\u53bb\u5b89\u88c5 CentOS<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u8fd9\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u8d39\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6559\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u57fa\u7840<\/h1>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf Operating System<\/code> \u7b80\u79f0 OS<\/code> \uff0c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u9700\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Linux<\/span><\/h2>\n

Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e0e Linux \u53d1\u884c\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n
    Linux<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7531 Linus Torvalds<\/code> \u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u786c\u4ef6\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Linux<\/code> \u53d1\u884c\u5957\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u662f\u7531 Linux<\/code> \u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u771f\u6b63\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Linux \u5bf9\u6bd4 Windows<\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u514d\u8d39\uff08\u6216\u5c11\u8bb8\u8d39\u7528\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u6f0f\u6d1e\u5c11\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u8865\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u591a\u7528\u6237\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      \u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7b56\u7565\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    6. \n
      \u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u5185\u6838\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    7. \n
      \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u79cd\u7c7b<\/span><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \u7ea2\u5e3d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7248 Linux<\/code> \uff1aRHEL<\/code> \u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u751f\u6210\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff08\u6536\u8d39\u7684\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Fedora<\/code> \uff1a\u7531\u7ea2\u5e3d\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u684c\u9762\u7248\u7cfb\u7edf\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8d39\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6216\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6210\u719f\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230 RHEL<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Fedora<\/code> \u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a RHEL<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        CentOS<\/code> \uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u628a RHEL<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Deepin<\/code> \uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6210\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Debian<\/code> \uff1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u5ea6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Ubuntu<\/code> \uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6d3e\u751f\u81ea Debian<\/code> \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u6b3e\u786c\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u80fd\u529b\u3002Ubuntu<\/code> \u4e0e Fedora<\/code> \u90fd\u662f\u6781\u5176\u51fa\u8272\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u684c\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 Ubuntu<\/code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u7ec8\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span><\/h2>\n
        <\/figure>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c ssh root@121.42.11.34<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u767b\u9646\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7535\u8111\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u9762\u677f\u5c31\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f Shell<\/code> \uff08\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          ssh root@xxx<\/code> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5728 Shell<\/code> \u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Shell<\/span><\/h2>\n

          Shell<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u539f\u610f\u662f\u201c\u5916\u58f3\u201d\uff0c\u8ddf kernel<\/code>\uff08\u5185\u6838\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u6bd4\u55bb\u5185\u6838\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u8ddf\u5185\u6838\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n
            Shell<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff08 command line interface<\/code> \uff0c\u7b80\u5199\u4e3a CLI<\/code> \uff09\u3002Shell<\/code> \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Shell<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Shell<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a Shell<\/code> \u811a\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7 Shell<\/code> \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Shell<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Shell \u7684\u79cd\u7c7b<\/span><\/h3>\n

            Shell<\/code> \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f Shell<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684 Shell<\/code> \u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n
              Bourne Shell\uff08sh\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              Bourne Again shell\uff08bash\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              C Shell\uff08csh\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              TENEX C Shell\uff08tcsh\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              Korn shell\uff08ksh\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              Z Shell\uff08zsh\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              Friendly Interactive Shell\uff08fish\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5176\u4e2d Bash<\/code> \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 Shell<\/code> \u3002MacOS<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4 Shell<\/code> \u5c31\u662f Bash<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c echo $SHELL<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Shell<\/code> \u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 cat \/etc\/shells<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709 Shell<\/code> \u79cd\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/h2>\n

              \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/span><\/h3>\n

              \u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u770b\u5230 Shell<\/code> \u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7 $<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u8f93\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 pwd<\/code> \uff1a<\/p>\n

              <\/span>[root@iZm5e8dsxce9ufaic7hi3uZ ~]# pwd<\/span>
              \/root
              \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
              <\/code><\/pre>\n
              \u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \n
              • \n
                root<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                iZm5e8dsxce9ufaic7hi3uZ<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                ~<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u662f \/root<\/code> \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5728 \/home<\/code> \u4e0b\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                #<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u4f60\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff08 root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u4e3a #<\/code> \uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e3a $<\/code> \uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                \u6267\u884c whoami<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                \u6267\u884c hostname<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5207\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
                [\u5907\u6ce8] root<\/code> \u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><\/h3>\n
                <\/span>command<\/span> parameters\uff08\u547d\u4ee4 \u53c2\u6570\uff09
                \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u957f\u77ed\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                <\/span>\u5355\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1als -a\uff08a \u662f\u82f1\u6587 all \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u201d\uff09
                \u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1als -al\uff08\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6 + \u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff09
                \u5355\u4e2a\u957f\u53c2\u6570\uff1als --all
                \u591a\u4e2a\u957f\u53c2\u6570\uff1als --reverse --all
                \u957f\u77ed\u6df7\u5408\u53c2\u6570\uff1als --all -l
                \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u53c2\u6570\u503c<\/span><\/h4>\n
                <\/span>\u77ed\u53c2\u6570\uff1acommand<\/span> -p 10\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1assh root@121.42.11.34 -p 22\uff09
                \u957f\u53c2\u6570\uff1acommand<\/span> --paramters=10\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1assh root@121.42.11.34 --port=22\uff09
                \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/h2>\n
                \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60 Linux<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e9b\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u638c\u63e1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a Linux<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6daf\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u65b9\u5411\u952e \u2191 \u2193 \u6765\u8c03\u53d6\u8fc7\u5f80\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684 Linux<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  \u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u4ec5\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u524d\u51e0\u4f4d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Tab<\/code> \u952e\u8865\u5168\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + R<\/code> \uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08history<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165 !<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f16\u53f7( !2<\/code> )\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + L<\/code>\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u5c4f\u5e55\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u79fb\u5230\u9875\u9762\u9876\u90e8\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + C<\/code>\uff1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + U<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u526a\u5207\u5230\u884c\u9996\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + K<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u526a\u5207\u5230\u884c\u5c3e\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + W<\/code>\uff1a\u526a\u5207\u5149\u6807\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + Y<\/code>\uff1a\u7c98\u8d34 Ctrl + U | K | Y<\/code> \u526a\u5207\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + A<\/code>\uff1a\u5149\u6807\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + E<\/code>\uff1a\u5149\u6807\u8df3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  Ctrl + D<\/code>\uff1a\u5173\u95ed Shell<\/code> \u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/h2>\n
                  \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/h3>\n
                  <\/figure>\n
                  \u67e5\u770b\u8def\u5f84<\/span><\/h3>\n
                  pwd<\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n
                  <\/figure>\n
                  which<\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84\uff0c Linux<\/code> \u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c which<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Linux<\/code> \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                  <\/figure>\n
                  \u6d4f\u89c8\u548c\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/h3>\n
                  ls<\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5b83\u662f Linux<\/code> \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                    -a<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u7684<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n
                    -l<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n
                    -h<\/code> \u9002\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u9605\u8bfb\u7684<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n
                    -t<\/code> \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n
                    -i<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode<\/code> \uff08 inode<\/code> \u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    <\/figure>\n
                    cd<\/span><\/h4>\n
                    cd<\/code> \u662f\u82f1\u8bed change directory<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
                    <\/span>cd \/ --> \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55
                    cd ~ --> \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55
                    cd .. --> \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55
                    cd .\/home --> \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b
                    cd \/home\/lion --> \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684lion\u76ee\u5f55
                    cd --> \u4e0d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55
                    \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                    [\u6ce8\u610f] \u8f93\u5165cd \/ho<\/code> + \u5355\u6b21 tab<\/code> \u952e\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u8def\u5f84 + \u4e24\u6b21 tab<\/code> \u952e\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
                    du<\/span><\/h4>\n
                    \u5217\u4e3e\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                    \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                      -h<\/code> \u9002\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n
                      -a<\/code> \u540c\u65f6\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n
                      -s<\/code> \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u603b\u8ba1\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \u6d4f\u89c8\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h3>\n
                      cat<\/span><\/h4>\n
                      \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u770b\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                      <\/span>cat cloud-init<\/span>.log
                      \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                        -n<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        less<\/span><\/h4>\n
                        \u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u770b\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                        <\/span>less cloud-init<\/span>.log
                        \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u3010\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c\u3011<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                          \u7a7a\u683c\u952e\uff1a\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u9875\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          b<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u540e\u9000\u4e00\u9875\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          \u56de\u8f66\u952e\uff1a\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u884c\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          y<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u540e\u9000\u4e00\u884c\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          \u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\uff1a\u56de\u9000\u6216\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u884c\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          d<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u524d\u8fdb\u534a\u9875\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          u<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u540e\u9000\u534a\u9875\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          q<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u505c\u6b62\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62 less<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          =<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u5230\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          h<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n
                          \/<\/code> \u952e\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u6309 n<\/code> \u952e\u8df3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6309 N<\/code> \u952e\u8df3\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          head<\/span><\/h4>\n
                          \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u884c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f10\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n
                          <\/span>head cloud-init.log
                          \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \u3010\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                            -n<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570 head cloud-init.log -n 2<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            tail<\/span><\/h4>\n
                            \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u51e0\u884c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f10\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n
                            <\/span>tail cloud-init.log\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                            <\/code><\/pre>\n
                            \u3010\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              -n<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u6570 tail cloud-init.log -n 2<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              -f<\/code> \u4f1a\u6bcf\u8fc71\u79d2\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -s<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4 tail -f -s 4 xxx.log<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                              touch<\/span><\/h4>\n
                              \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
                              <\/span>touch new_file\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                              <\/code><\/pre>\n
                              mkdir<\/span><\/h4>\n
                              \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
                              <\/span>mkdir new_folder\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                              <\/code><\/pre>\n
                              \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                -p<\/code> \u9012\u5f52\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784 mkdir -p one\/two\/three<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                cp<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                \u62f7\u8d1d\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
                                <\/span>cp file file_copy --> file \u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cfile_copy \u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6cp file one --> \u628a file \u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230 one \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f9d\u7136\u4e3a filecp file one\/file_copy --> \u628a file \u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230 one \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3afile_copycp *.txt folder --> \u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709 txt \u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230 folder \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n
                                  -r<\/code> \u9012\u5f52\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  mv<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                  \u79fb\u52a8\uff08\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0ecp\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                  <\/span>mv file one --> \u5c06 file \u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 one \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0bmv new_folder one --> \u5c06 new_folder \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u79fb\u52a8\u5230one\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0bmv *.txt folder --> \u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709 txt \u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 folder \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0bmv file new_file --> file \u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a new_file\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5220\u9664\u548c\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                  rm<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                  \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e Linux<\/code> \u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5220\u9664\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
                                  <\/span>rm new_file  --> \u5220\u9664 new_file \u6587\u4ef6rm f1 f2 f3  --> \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664 f1 f2 f3 3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \n
                                    -i<\/code> \u5411\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n
                                    -f<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n
                                    -r<\/code> \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c rm -rf<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    ln<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                    \u82f1\u6587 Link<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u5b66\u4e60\u521b\u5efa\u94fe\u63a5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b Linux<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                    Linux<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5217\u8868\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u8fc7 inode<\/code> \u6807\u8bc6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    Linux \u4e0b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u786c\u94fe\u63a5<\/h5>\n
                                    \u4f7f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u6837\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684 inode<\/code> \uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6587\u4ef61\u548c\u6587\u4ef62\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e86\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff09\u800c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    <\/span>ln file1 file2  --> \u521b\u5efa file2 \u4e3a file1 \u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    <\/figure>\n
                                    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 rm file1<\/code> \u6765\u5220\u9664 file1<\/code> \uff0c\u5bf9 file2<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e86 file1<\/code> \u4e0e file2<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u624d\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/h5>\n
                                    \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5c31\u7c7b\u4f3c windows<\/code> \u4e0b\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    <\/span>ln -s file1 file2\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    <\/figure>\n
                                    \u6267\u884c ls -l<\/code> \u547d\u540d\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
                                    <\/span>total 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 14 06:29 file1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Jan 14 06:42 file2 -> file1  # \u8868\u793afile2 \u6307\u5411 file1\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    \u5176\u5b9e file2<\/code> \u53ea\u662f file1<\/code> \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f file1<\/code> \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f file1<\/code> \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e file2<\/code> \u7684 inode<\/code> \u4e0e file1<\/code> \u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u9664\u4e86 file2<\/code> \u7684\u8bdd\uff0c file1<\/code> \u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664 file1<\/code> \u7684\u8bdd\uff0c file2<\/code> \u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u6b7b\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                    \u7528\u6237<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    Linux<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728 Linux<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u662f\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u91cc\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u540d\u53eb root<\/code> \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    <\/figure>\n
                                    \u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6709\u9650\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86 Linux<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 sudo<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
                                    sudo<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                    \u4ee5 root<\/code> \u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
                                    <\/span>sudo date  --> \u5f53\u7136\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u671f\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981sudo\u7684\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u6f14\u793a\uff0csudo \u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u822c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                    useradd + passwd<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                      useradd<\/code> \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                    • \n
                                      passwd<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                      \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981 root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>useradd lion --> \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2alion\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u5728 \/home \u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770bpasswd lion --> \u4fee\u6539lion\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      userdel<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u9700\u8981 root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>userdel lion --> \u53ea\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\/home\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u5939userdel lion -r --> \u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\/home\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      su<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u9700\u8981 root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>sudo su --> \u5207\u6362\u4e3aroot\u7528\u6237\uff08exit<\/span> \u547d\u4ee4\u6216 CTRL + D \u5feb\u6377\u952e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u4e3a root \u7528\u6237\uff09su lion --> \u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237su - --> \u5207\u6362\u4e3aroot\u7528\u6237\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      \u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                      Linux<\/code> \u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u7528\u6237\u5212\u5f52\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      groupadd<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u521b\u5efa\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u548c useradd<\/code> \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>groupadd friends\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      groupdel<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>groupdel foo  --> \u5220\u9664foo\u7fa4\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      groups<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n
                                      <\/span>groups lion  --> \u67e5\u770b lion \u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                      usermod<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n
                                        -l<\/code> \u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f \/home<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                      • \n
                                        -g<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 usermod -g friends lion<\/code>\u4fee\u6539 lion<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e3a friends<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                      • \n
                                        -G<\/code> \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 usermod -G friends,foo,bar lion<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                      • \n
                                        -a<\/code> -G<\/code> \u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u79bb\u5f00\u539f\u5148\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0 -a<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740 append<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        chgrp<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                        \u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
                                        <\/span>chgrp bar file.txt --> file.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4fee\u6539\u4e3abar\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                        chown<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                        \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981 root<\/code> \u8eab\u4efd\u624d\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                        <\/span>chown lion file.txt --> \u628a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684file.txt\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9lion\u7528\u6237chown lion:bar file.txt --> \u628afile.txt\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6539\u4e3alion\uff0c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3abar\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                        \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \n
                                          -R<\/code> \u9012\u5f52\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c chown -R lion:lion \/home\/frank<\/code> \u628a frank<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u90fd\u6539\u4e3a lion<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                          \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                          chmod<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                          \u4fee\u6539\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                                          <\/span>chmod 740 file.txt\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                          \u3010\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3011<\/p>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \n
                                            -R<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 chmod -R 777 \/home\/lion<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u7684\u786e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60 Linux<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            <\/span>[root@lion ~]# ls -ldrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 13  2020 climblrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 Jan 14 06:41 hello2.c -> hello.c-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  149 Jan 13 06:14 hello.c\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                            <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                            \u5176\u4e2d drwxr-xr-x<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u5b83\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \n
                                              d<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f -<\/code> \uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u662f l<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              r<\/code> \uff1aread<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              w<\/code> \uff1awrite<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              x<\/code> \uff1aexecute<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              -<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u6309\u7528\u6237\u6765\u5212\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                              <\/figure>\n
                                              \u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u53e5\u6743\u9650 drwxr-xr-x<\/code> \u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \n
                                                \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                \u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5177\u6709\uff1a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                \u5b83\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\uff1a\u8bfb\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                \u5b83\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\uff1a\u8bfb\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                \u73b0\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 chmod<\/code> \u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u3002chmod<\/code> \u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u662f root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u662f\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 chmod<\/code> \u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                \u6570\u5b57\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n
                                                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                \u6743\u9650<\/th>\n\u6570\u5b57<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                r<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                w<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                x<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
                                                \u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u5c31\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                chmod 640 hello.c # \u5206\u67906 = 4 + 2 + 0 \u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5177\u6709 rw \u6743\u96504 = 4 + 0 + 0 \u8868\u793a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709 r \u6743\u96500 = 0 + 0 + 0 \u8868\u793a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u5b57\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\uff1a-rw-r-----\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                \u7528\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • \n
                                                  u<\/code> \uff1auser<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  g<\/code> \uff1agroup<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  o<\/code> \uff1aother<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  a<\/code> \uff1aall<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  +<\/code> \uff1a\u52a0\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6dfb\u52a0\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  -<\/code> \uff1a\u51cf\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53bb\u9664\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  =<\/code> \uff1a\u7b49\u4e8e\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                  <\/span>chmod u+rx file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u8bfb\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod g+r file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod o-r file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u79fb\u9664\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod g+r o-r file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u79fb\u9664\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod go-r file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u79fb\u9664\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod +x file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650chmod u=rwx,g=r,o=- file --> \u6587\u4ef6file\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5206\u914d\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u8bfb\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u9650\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                  \u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                  locate<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                  \u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u540e\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  \u5b89\u88c5 locate<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                  <\/span>yum -y install mlocate --> \u5b89\u88c5\u5305updatedb --> \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801locate file.txtlocate fil*.txt\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                  [\u6ce8\u610f] locate<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53bb\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u78c1\u76d8\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u67e5\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c updatedb<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  find<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                  \u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53bb\u904d\u5386\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u786c\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  <\/span>find <\u4f55\u5904> <\u4f55\u7269> <\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48>\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • \n
                                                    \u4f55\u5904\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    \u4f55\u7269\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    \u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c find<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                    \u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                    <\/span>find -name \"file.txt\"<\/span> --> \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6find . -name \"syslog\"<\/span> --> \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6find \/ -name \"syslog\"<\/span> --> \u6574\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u4e0b\u67e5\u627esyslogfind \/var\/log<\/span> -name \"syslog\"<\/span> --> \u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\/var\/log<\/span>\u4e0b\u67e5\u627esyslog\u6587\u4ef6find \/var\/log<\/span> -name \"syslog*\"<\/span> --> \u67e5\u627esyslog1\u3001syslog2 ... \u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709find \/var\/log<\/span> -name \"*syslog*\"<\/span> --> \u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542bsyslog\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    [\u6ce8\u610f] find<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408 \u201c\u4f55\u7269\u201d \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c locate<\/code> \u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    \u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u67e5\u627e<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                    <\/span>find \/var -size +10M --> \/var \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7 10M \u7684\u6587\u4ef6find \/var -size -50k --> \/var \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u4e8e 50k \u7684\u6587\u4ef6find \/var -size +1G --> \/var \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u67e5\u8fc7 1G \u7684\u6587\u4ef6find \/var -size 1M --> \/var \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u4e8e 1M \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    \u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u67e5\u627e<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                    <\/span>find -name \"*.txt\"<\/span> -atime -7  --> \u8fd1 7\u5929\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684.txt\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    \u4ec5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                    <\/span>find . -name \"file\"<\/span> -type<\/span> f  --> \u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684file\u6587\u4ef6find . -name \"file\"<\/span> -type<\/span> d  --> \u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684file\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    \u64cd\u4f5c\u67e5\u627e\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                    <\/span>find -name \"*.txt\"<\/span> -printf<\/span> \"%p - %un\"<\/span> --> \u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7f00\u4e3atxt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167 %p - %un \u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d%p=\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c%u=\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005find -name \"*.jpg\"<\/span> -delete --> \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709.jpg\u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5220\u9664\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u614e\u7528find -name \"*.c\"<\/span> -exec<\/span> chmod 600 {} ; --> \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a.c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c -exec<\/span> \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c{} \u4f1a\u88ab\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c; \u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3efind -name \"*.c\"<\/span> -ok chmod 600 {} ; --> \u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\uff0c\u4f1a\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u63d0\u793a\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                    \u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                    Linux<\/code> \u4e0b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u4ee5\u5305\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u3002Red Hat<\/code> \u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a .rpm<\/code> \uff0c Debian<\/code> \u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540e\u7f00\u662f .deb<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    Linux<\/code> \u7684\u5305\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 yum<\/code> \u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c yum<\/code> \u662f CentOS<\/code> \u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e Red Hat<\/code> \u4e00\u65cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210 Node.js<\/code> \u7684 npm<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    yum \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • \n
                                                      yum update | yum upgrade<\/code> \u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      yum search xxx<\/code> \u641c\u7d22\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      yum install xxx<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      yum remove xxx<\/code> \u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                      \u5207\u6362 CentOS \u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                      \u6709\u65f6\u5019 CentOS<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 yum<\/code> \u6e90\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 yum<\/code> \u5728\u7ebf\u5b89\u88c5\u53ca\u66f4\u65b0\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5c06 yum<\/code> \u6e90\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9\u70b9\u662f\u7f51\u6613\u548c\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                      1\u3001\u9996\u5148\u5907\u4efd\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26 yum<\/code> \u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 mv \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo.backup<\/code><\/p>\n
                                                      2\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u7684 yum<\/code> \u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5230 \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS7<\/code><\/p>\n
                                                      <\/span>wget -O \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                      3\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n
                                                      <\/span>yum makecache\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                      \u9605\u8bfb\u624b\u518c<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                      Linux<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u79cd\u7c7b\u7e41\u6742\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51ed\u501f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b66\u4f1a\u67e5\u7528\u624b\u518c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                      man<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                      \u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u65b0 man<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                      <\/span>sudo yum install -y man-pages --> \u5b89\u88c5sudo mandb --> \u66f4\u65b0\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                      man \u624b\u518c\u79cd\u7c7b<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. \n
                                                        \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216 Shell<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      2. \n
                                                        \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff08 Linux<\/code> \u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      3. \n
                                                        \u5e93\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      4. \n
                                                        \u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \/etc\/passwd<\/code> \uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      5. \n
                                                        \u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728 \/dev<\/code> \u4e0b\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      6. \n
                                                        \u6e38\u620f\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      7. \n
                                                        \u6742\u9879\uff08 man(7)<\/code> \uff0cgroff(7)<\/code> \uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      8. \n
                                                        \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab root<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      9. \n
                                                        \u5185\u6838\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                        man + \u6570\u5b57 + \u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                        \u8f93\u5165 man + \u6570\u5b57 + \u547d\u4ee4\/\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u52a0\u6570\u5b57\uff0c man<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u6570\u5b57\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
                                                        <\/span>man 3 rand  --> \u8868\u793a\u5728\u624b\u518c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u67e5\u627e rand \u51fd\u6570man ls    --> \u67e5\u627e ls \u7528\u6cd5\u624b\u518c\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                        man \u624b\u518c\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u57df\u89e3\u6790\uff1a(\u4ee5 man pwd<\/code> \u4e3a\u4f8b)<\/p>\n
                                                        <\/span>NAME # \u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u8ff0     pwd -- return working directory nameSYNOPSIS # \u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5     pwd [-L | -P]DESCRIPTION # \u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6cd5     The pwd utility writes the absolute pathname of the current working directory to the standard output.     Some shells may provide a builtin pwd command which is similar or identical to this utility.  Consult the builtin(1) manual page.     The options are as follows:     -L      Display the logical current working directory.     -P      Display the physical current working directory (all symbolic links resolved).     If no options are specified, the -L option is assumed.SEE ALSO # \u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4     builtin(1), cd(1), csh(1), sh(1), getcwd(3)\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                        help<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                        man<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u50cf\u65b0\u534e\u8bcd\u5178\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c command --help<\/code> \u6216 command -h<\/code> \uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709 man<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                        Linux \u8fdb\u9636<\/h1>\n
                                                        \u6587\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                        grep<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                        \u5168\u5c40\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                        \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                        <\/span>grep text file # text\u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0cfile\u4ee3\u8868\u4f9b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6# \u5b9e\u4f8b[root@lion ~]# grep path \/etc\/profilepathmunge () {    pathmunge \/usr\/sbin    pathmunge \/usr\/local\/sbin    pathmunge \/usr\/local\/sbin after    pathmunge \/usr\/sbin afterunset -f pathmunge\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                        \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • \n
                                                          -i<\/code> \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c grep -i path \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                        • \n
                                                          -n<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\uff0cgrep -n path \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                        • \n
                                                          -v<\/code> \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u884c\uff0cgrep -v path \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                        • \n
                                                          -r<\/code> \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\uff0c grep -r hello \/etc<\/code> \uff0cLinux \u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a rgrep \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e grep -r<\/code><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                          \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                          grep<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                          <\/span>grep -E path \/etc\/profile --> \u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914dpathgrep -E ^path \/etc\/profile --> \u5339\u914dpath\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32grep -E [Pp]ath \/etc\/profile --> \u5339\u914dpath\u6216Path\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                          sort<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                          \u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                          \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                          <\/span>sort name.txt # \u5bf9name.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                          \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                          \u4e3a\u4e86\u6f14\u793a\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 name.txt<\/code> \uff0c\u653e\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                          <\/span>ChristopherShawnTedRockNoahZacharyBella\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                          \u6267\u884c sort name.txt<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                          \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • \n
                                                            -o<\/code> \u5c06\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c sort -o name_sorted.txt name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • \n
                                                            -r<\/code> \u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c sort -r name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • \n
                                                            -R<\/code> \u968f\u673a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c sort -R name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • \n
                                                            -n<\/code> \u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u628a\u6570\u5b57\u8bc6\u522b\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 138 \u4f1a\u6392\u5728 25 \u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86 -n<\/code> \u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219 25 \u4f1a\u5728 138 \u524d\u9762\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                            wc<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                            word count<\/code> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u76ee\u3001\u884c\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\uff0c\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                            \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                            <\/span>wc name.txt # \u7edf\u8ba1name.txt\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                            <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                            \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                            <\/span>[root@lion ~]# wc name.txt 13 13 91 name.txt\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                            <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • \n
                                                              \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a13\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u884c\u6570\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            • \n
                                                              \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a13\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            • \n
                                                              \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a91\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                              \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \n
                                                                -l<\/code> \u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\uff0c wc -l name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              • \n
                                                                -w<\/code> \u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\uff0c wc -w name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              • \n
                                                                -c<\/code> \u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c wc -c name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              • \n
                                                                -m<\/code> \u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\uff0c wc -m name.txt<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                uniq<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                <\/span>uniq name.txt # \u53bb\u9664name.txt\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0auniq name.txt uniq_name.txt # \u628a\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a uniq_name.txt\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                \u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u8fde\u7eed\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • \n
                                                                  -c<\/code> \u7edf\u8ba1\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u6570\uff0c uniq -c name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                • \n
                                                                  -d<\/code> \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c uniq -d name.txt<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                  cut<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                  \u526a\u5207\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                  \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                  <\/span>cut -c 2-4 name.txt # \u526a\u5207\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                  \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \n
                                                                    -d<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u9017\u53f7\u3001\u5206\u53f7\u3001\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u7b49\u7b49\uff09 cut -d , name.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                  • \n
                                                                    -f<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u526a\u5207\u4e0b\u7528\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u5272\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u5757\u6216\u54ea\u51e0\u5757\u533a\u57df\uff0c cut -d , -f 1 name.txt<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                    \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 \u7ba1\u9053 \u6d41<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                    \u5728 Linux<\/code> \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53bb\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u67093\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5165\u53c2\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u8bed\u662f stdin<\/code> \u3001 stdout<\/code> \u4ee5\u53ca stderr<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \n
                                                                      \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 stdin<\/code> \uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u79cd\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                    • \n
                                                                      \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa stdout<\/code> \uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                    • \n
                                                                      \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa stderr<\/code> \uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                      <\/figure>\n
                                                                      \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                      \u628a\u672c\u6765\u8981\u663e\u793a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 ><\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                      ><\/code> \u8868\u793a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c cut -d , -f 1 notes.csv > name.csv<\/code> \uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u901a\u8fc7\u9017\u53f7\u526a\u5207 notes.csv<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u526a\u5207\u5b8c\u67093\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 name.csv<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 notes.csv<\/code> \uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                      <\/span>Mark1,951<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95191<\/span>Mark2,952<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95192<\/span>Mark3,953<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95193<\/span>Mark4,954<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95194<\/span>Mark5,955<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95195<\/span>Mark6,956<\/span>\/100<\/span>,\u5f88\u4e0d\u95196<\/span>\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                      \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1acut -d , -f 1 notes.csv > name.csv<\/code> \u6700\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                      <\/span>Mark1Mark2Mark3Mark4Mark5Mark6\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                      \u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u4f7f\u7528 ><\/code> \u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b83\u4f1a\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u8986\u76d6\u5176\u5b83\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 >><\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                      \u8868\u793a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf ><\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e48\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c cut -d , -f 1 notes.csv >> name.csv<\/code> \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u628a\u540d\u5b57\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 name.csv<\/code> \u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      <\/span>Mark1Mark2Mark3Mark4Mark5Mark6Mark1Mark2Mark3Mark4Mark5Mark6\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                      \u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u8bfb\u7684 log<\/code> \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                      \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 2><\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                      \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
                                                                      <\/span>cat not_exist_file.csv > res.txt 2<\/span>> errors.log\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \u5f53\u6211\u4eec cat<\/code> \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 > res.txt<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 res.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        2> errors.log<\/code> \u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u4f1a\u5199\u5165 errors.log<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                        \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 2>><\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                        \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\uff09\u540c >><\/code> \u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 2>&1<\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                        \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u90fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n
                                                                        <\/span>cat not_exist_file.csv > res.txt 2<\/span>>&1<\/span>  # \u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51facat not_exist_file.csv >> res.txt 2<\/span>>&1<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                        \u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u672a\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6 (2).png<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
                                                                        \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 <<\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                        <<\/code> \u7b26\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        <\/span>cat < name.csv # \u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a name.csv\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                        <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                        \u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e cat name.csv<\/code> \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • \n
                                                                          cat name.csv<\/code> \u8868\u793a cat<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u662f notes.csv<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u5148\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                        • \n
                                                                          cat < name.csv<\/code> \u8868\u793a cat<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u76f4\u63a5\u662f notes.csv<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c cat<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 cat<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5219\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                          \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 <<<\/code><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                          \u5c06\u952e\u76d8\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          <\/span>sort -n << END # \u8f93\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dEND\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09wc -m << END # \u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                          \u7ba1\u9053 |<\/code><\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                          \u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u662f pipeline<\/code> \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6c34\u7ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b97\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \u672a\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6 (1).png<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
                                                                          \u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6cd5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                          <\/span>cut -d , -f 1<\/span> name.csv | sort > sorted_name.txt # \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684 name \u5217\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230sorted_name.txtdu | sort -nr | head # du \u8868\u793a\u5217\u4e3e\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f# sort \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f,-n \u8868\u793a\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c-r \u8868\u793a\u5012\u5e8f# head \u524d10<\/span>\u884c\u6587\u4ef6grep log -Ir \/var<\/span>\/log | cut -d : -f 1<\/span> | sort | uniq# grep log -Ir \/var<\/span>\/log \u8868\u793a\u5728log\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22 \/var<\/span>\/log \u6587\u672c\uff0c-r \u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\uff0c-I \u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u9664\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6# cut -d : -f 1<\/span> \u8868\u793a\u901a\u8fc7\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u5207\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u526a\u5207\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206# sort \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f# uniq \u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                          \u6d41<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                          \u6d41\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41 stream<\/code> \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\uff1a\u6d41\u5c31\u662f\u8bfb\u4e00\u70b9\u6570\u636e, \u5904\u7406\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6216\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5f53\u505a\u6d41\u53bb\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \u5230\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u63a5\u89e6\u4e86\uff0c\u6d41\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49 Linux<\/code> \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002Angular<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u3002Node.js<\/code> \u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709 stream<\/code> \u6d41\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                          \u5728 Windows<\/code> \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 Ctrl + Alt + Delete<\/code> \u5feb\u6377\u952e\u67e5\u770b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          w<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                          \u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          <\/span>[root@lion ~]# w 06<\/span>:31<\/span>:53<\/span> up 25<\/span> days,  9<\/span>:53<\/span>,  1<\/span> user,  load average: 0.00<\/span>, 0.01<\/span>, 0.05<\/span>USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHATroot     pts\/0<\/span>    118.31<\/span>.243<\/span>.53<\/span>    05<\/span>:56<\/span>    1.00<\/span>s  0.02<\/span>s  0.00<\/span>s w 06<\/span>:31<\/span>:53<\/span>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4up 25<\/span> days, 9<\/span>:53<\/span>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u201c25<\/span>\u59299<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f653<\/span>\u5206\u949f\u201d1<\/span> user\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237load average: 0.00<\/span>, 0.01<\/span>, 0.05<\/span>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c3<\/span>\u4e2a\u503c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u201c1<\/span>\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u201d\uff0c\u201c5<\/span>\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u201d\uff0c\u201c15<\/span>\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u201d USER\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u4e8e TTY\uff1a\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u540d\u79f0\u4e3apts\/0<\/span> FROM\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ip\u5730\u5740 LOGIN@\uff1a\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4 IDLE\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6709\u591a\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e86 JCPU\uff1a\u8be5\u7ec8\u7aef\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5219\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u65f6 PCPU\uff1a\u8868\u793a CPU \u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5728 WHAT \u5217\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f WHAT\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f w\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                          ps<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                          \u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c ps<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fd0\u884c ps<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                          <\/span>[root@lion ~]# ps  PID TTY          TIME CMD 1793<\/span> pts\/0<\/span>    00<\/span>:00<\/span>:00<\/span> bash 4756<\/span> pts\/0<\/span>    00<\/span>:00<\/span>:00<\/span> ps  PID\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7 TTY\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef TIME\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4 CMD\uff1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                          <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                          \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -ef<\/code> \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b;<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -efH<\/code> \u4ee5\u4e54\u6728\u72b6\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b;<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -u<\/code> \u5217\u51fa\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b;<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -aux<\/code> \u901a\u8fc7 CPU<\/code> \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fdb\u7a0b ps -aux | less<\/code> ;<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -aux --sort -pcpu<\/code> \u6309 CPU<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c -aux --sort -pmem<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217;<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • \n
                                                                            -axjf<\/code> \u4ee5\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c ps -axjf<\/code> \u5b83\u548c pstree<\/code> \u6548\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                            top<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                            \u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                            <\/span>top - 07<\/span>:20<\/span>:07<\/span> up 25<\/span> days, 10<\/span>:41<\/span>,  1<\/span> user,  load average: 0.30<\/span>, 0.10<\/span>, 0.07<\/span>Tasks:  67<\/span> total,   1<\/span> running,  66<\/span> sleeping,   0<\/span> stopped,   0<\/span> zombie%Cpu(s):  0.7<\/span> us,  0.3<\/span> sy,  0.0<\/span> ni, 99.0<\/span> id,  0.0<\/span> wa,  0.0<\/span> hi,  0.0<\/span> si,  0.0<\/span> stKiB Mem :  1882072<\/span> total,   552148<\/span> free,   101048<\/span> used,  1228876<\/span> buff\/cacheKiB Swap:        0<\/span> total,        0<\/span> free,        0<\/span> used.  1594080<\/span> avail Mem   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                         956<\/span> root      10<\/span> -10<\/span>  133964<\/span>  15848<\/span>  10240<\/span> S  0.7<\/span>  0.8<\/span> 263<\/span>:13.01<\/span> AliYunDun                                                                                                         1<\/span> root      20<\/span>   0<\/span>   51644<\/span>   3664<\/span>   2400<\/span> S  0.0<\/span>  0.2<\/span>   3<\/span>:23.63<\/span> systemd                                                                                                           2<\/span> root      20<\/span>   0<\/span>       0<\/span>      0<\/span>      0<\/span> S  0.0<\/span>  0.0<\/span>   0<\/span>:00.05<\/span> kthreadd                                                                                                          4<\/span> root       0<\/span> -20<\/span>       0<\/span>      0<\/span>      0<\/span> S  0.0<\/span>  0.0<\/span>   0<\/span>:00.00<\/span> kworker\/0<\/span>:0<\/span>H    \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                            <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            • \n
                                                                              top - 07:20:07 up 25 days, 10:41, 1 user, load average: 0.30, 0.10, 0.07<\/code> \u76f8\u5f53 w<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                            • \n
                                                                              \u5c55\u793a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4f7f\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668 %CPU<\/code> \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                              kill<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                              \u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c kill + PID<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                              <\/span>kill 956<\/span> # \u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u4e3a956<\/span>\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bkill 956<\/span> 957<\/span> # \u7ed3\u675f\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bkill -9<\/span> 7291<\/span> # \u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                              <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                              \u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                              \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                              \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5207\u6362\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b Linux<\/code> \u4e0b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. \n
                                                                                \u72b6\u6001\u7801 R<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                              2. \n
                                                                                \u72b6\u6001\u7801 S<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08\u4f11\u7720\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5f62\u6210\u540e\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8131\u79bb\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                              3. \n
                                                                                \u72b6\u6001\u7801 D<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528kill\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u65ad\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                              4. \n
                                                                                \u72b6\u6001\u7801 Z<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u50f5\u6b7b\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 wait4()<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\uff09\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                              5. \n
                                                                                \u72b6\u6001\u7801 T<\/code> \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u505c\u6b62\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230 SIGSTOP<\/code> \u3001 SIGSTP<\/code> \u3001 SIGTIN<\/code> \u3001 SIGTOU<\/code> \u7b49\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                \u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b & \u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd0\u884c top<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                \u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u5176\u5b83\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0 &<\/code> \u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                &<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>cp name.csv name-copy.csv &\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                nohup<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                \u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53d7\u6302\u65ad\uff08\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\u7b49\u52a8\u4f5c\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>nohup cp name.csv name-copy.csv\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                nohup<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c &<\/code> \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>nohup cp name.csv name-copy.csv &\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                bg<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                \u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u6682\u505c\u8fd0\u884c\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>bg %1<\/span> # \u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cbg\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u4f1a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u53f7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                \u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>1.<\/span> \u6267\u884c grep -r \"log\"<\/span> \/ > grep_log 2<\/span>>&1<\/span> \u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fd8\u8bb0\u6dfb\u52a0 & \u7b26\u53f72.<\/span> ctrl + z \u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u4e3a\u540e\u53f0\u6682\u505c3.<\/span> \u6267\u884c bg \u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u8f6c\u4e3a\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                \u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u6267\u884c yarn start \u542f\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c ctrl + z \u5148\u4f7f\u5176\u6682\u505c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c bg \u4f7f\u5176\u8f6c\u4e3a\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u7a7a\u95f2\u51fa\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u5176\u5b83\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5524\u9192\u5b83\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 fg \u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\uff08\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff09\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                jobs<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>[root@lion ~]# jobs[1<\/span>]+  Stopped                 top[2<\/span>]-  Running                 grep --color=auto -r \"log\"<\/span> \/ > grep_log 2<\/span>>&1<\/span> &\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                fg<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                fg<\/code> \u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f6c\u4e3a\u524d\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u548c bg<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u524d\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/figure>\n
                                                                                \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                                \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728 Linux<\/code> \u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f PID<\/code> \u4e3a1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c PID<\/code> \u4e3a1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u5f85\u5206\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b daemon<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a d<\/code> \uff0c\u8868\u793a daemon<\/code> \u5b88\u62a4\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 systemd<\/code> \u3001httpd<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                systemd<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                systemd<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Linux<\/code> \u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a PID 1<\/code> \u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u542f\u52a8\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>[root@lion ~]# ps -auxUSER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMANDroot         1<\/span>  0.0<\/span>  0.2<\/span>  51648<\/span>  3852<\/span> ?        Ss   Feb01   1<\/span>:50<\/span> \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22<\/span>\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                \u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230 PID<\/code> \u4e3a1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f systemd<\/code> \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                systemd<\/code> \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                <\/span>systemctl start nginx # \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1systemctl stop nginx # \u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1systemctl restart nginx # \u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1systemctl status nginx # \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001systemctl reload nginx # \u91cd\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6(\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5)systemctl enable nginx # \u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1systemctl disable nginx # \u5f00\u673a\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1systemctl is-enabled nginx # \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8systemctl list-unit-files --type=service # \u67e5\u770b\u5404\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7981\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                \u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u89e3\u538b<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \n
                                                                                  \u6253\u5305\uff1a\u662f\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b66\u540d\u53eb\u5b58\u6863\u3001\u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                • \n
                                                                                  \u538b\u7f29\uff1a\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u5f52\u6863\uff09\u538b\u7f29\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                  \u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 tar<\/code> \u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u6863\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a archive<\/code> \u3002\u7136\u540e\u7528 gzip<\/code> \u6216 bzip2<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06 archive<\/code> \u538b\u7f29\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                  \u672a\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6.png<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
                                                                                  tar<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                  \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a tar<\/code> \u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                  \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                  <\/span>tar -cvf sort.tar sort\/ # \u5c06sort\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5f52\u6863\u4e3asort.tartar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 file3 # \u5c06 file1 file2 file3 \u5f52\u6863\u4e3aarchive.tar\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                  \u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    -cvf<\/code> \u8868\u793a create<\/code>\uff08\u521b\u5efa\uff09+ verbose<\/code>\uff08\u7ec6\u8282\uff09+ file<\/code>\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec6\u8282\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    -tf<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u5f52\u6863\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u89e3\u5f00\u5f52\u6863\uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    -rvf<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f52\u6863\uff0c tar -rvf archive.tar file.txt<\/code> \uff1b<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \n
                                                                                    -xvf<\/code> \u89e3\u5f00\u5f52\u6863\uff0c tar -xvf archive.tar<\/code> \u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                    gzip \/ gunzip<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u201c\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u201d\u5f52\u6863\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528 gzip<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3a .tar.gz<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    <\/span>gzip archive.tar # \u538b\u7f29gunzip archive.tar.gz # \u89e3\u538b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    tar \u5f52\u6863+\u538b\u7f29<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 tar<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u5f52\u6863\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9 tar<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6210\u5f52\u6863\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8c03\u7528 gzip<\/code> \u6216 bzip2<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u538b\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    <\/span>tar -zcvf archive.tar.gz archive\/ # \u5c06archive\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5f52\u6863\u5e76\u538b\u7f29tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz # \u5c06archive.tar.gz\u5f52\u6863\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u538b\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    zcat\u3001zless\u3001zmore<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 cat less more<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 zcat\u3001zless\u3001zmore<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    <\/span>zcat archive.tar.gz\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    zip\/unzip<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u201c\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u201d zip<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff08 zip<\/code> \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u81ea windows<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    \u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                    <\/span># Red Hat \u4e00\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0fyum install zip yum install unzip \u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                    <\/span>unzip archive.zip # \u89e3\u538b .zip \u6587\u4ef6unzip -l archive.zip # \u4e0d\u89e3\u5f00 .zip \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u5176\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9zip -r sort.zip sort\/ # \u5c06sort\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a sort.zip\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d-r\u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    \u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                                    \u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528 yum<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u78b0\u5230 yum<\/code> \u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u201c\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    \u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux<\/code> \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u9002\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u8111\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                    \u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. \n
                                                                                      \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                    2. \n
                                                                                      \u89e3\u538b\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                    3. \n
                                                                                      \u914d\u7f6e<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                    4. \n
                                                                                      \u7f16\u8bd1<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                    5. \n
                                                                                      \u5b89\u88c5<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                      \u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                                                      1\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      \u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5 htop<\/code> \u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6e90\u7801\uff1abintray.com\/htop\/source\u2026<\/span>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n
                                                                                      \u4e0b\u8f7d\u597d\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u5728\u672c\u673a\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                      <\/span>scp \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u7528\u6237\u540d@\u670d\u52a1\u5668ip:\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84scp ~\/Desktop\/<\/span>htop-3.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.tar.gz root@121.42<\/span>.11<\/span>.34<\/span>:.\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                      \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 wegt<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                      <\/span>wegt+\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5730\u5740wegt https:\/\/bintray.com\/htop\/source\/download_file?file_path=htop-3.0.0.tar.gz\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
                                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                      2\u3001\u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      <\/span>tar -zxvf htop-3.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.tar.gz # \u89e3\u538bcd htop-3.0<\/span>.0<\/span> # \u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                      3\u3001\u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      \u6267\u884c .\/configure<\/code> \uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u53bb\u786e\u8ba4\u7f16\u8bd1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                      4\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      \u6267\u884c make<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
                                                                                      5\u3001\u5b89\u88c5<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      \u6267\u884c make install<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6267\u884c ls \/usr\/local\/bin\/<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709 htop<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c htop<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                      \u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                                                                      ifconfig<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                                                      \u67e5\u770b ip<\/code> \u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 yum install net-tools<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                                      <\/span>[root@lion ~]# ifconfigeth0: flags=4163<\/span><UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500<\/span>        inet 172.31<\/span>.24<\/span>.78<\/span>  netmask 255.255<\/span>.240<\/span>.0<\/span>  broadcast 172.31<\/span>.31<\/span>.255<\/span>        ether 00<\/span>:16<\/span>:3<\/span>e:04<\/span>:9<\/span>c:cd  txqueuelen 1000<\/span>  (Ethernet)        RX packets 1592318<\/span>  bytes 183722250<\/span> (175.2<\/span> MiB)        RX errors 0<\/span>  dropped 0<\/span>  overruns 0<\/span>  frame 0<\/span>        TX packets 1539361<\/span>  bytes 154044090<\/span> (146.9<\/span> MiB)        TX errors 0<\/span>  dropped 0<\/span> overruns 0<\/span>  carrier 0<\/span>  collisions 0<\/span>lo: flags=73<\/span><UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536<\/span>        inet 127.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.1<\/span>  netmask 255.0<\/span>.0<\/span>.0<\/span>        loop  txqueuelen 1000<\/span>  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 0<\/span>  bytes 0<\/span> (0.0<\/span> B)        RX errors 0<\/span>  dropped 0<\/span>  overruns 0<\/span>  frame 0<\/span>        TX packets 0<\/span>  bytes 0<\/span> (0.0<\/span> B)        TX errors 0<\/span>  dropped 0<\/span> overruns 0<\/span>  carrier 0<\/span>  collisions 0<\/span>\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801
                                                                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                                                                      \u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n