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3.3 \u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u8fbe\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u632f\u5e45\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed\u7ea61\u6beb\u79d2<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u9759\u606f\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9K+\u7684\u9ad8\u6e17\u900f\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9759\u606f\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c9\u7ae0<\/span>\u548c\u7b2c10\u7ae0<\/span>\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u4fe1\u53f7\u5916\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f20\u5bfc\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u51e0\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5c31\u4f1a\u8870\u51cf\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9759\u606f\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0b\u964d<\/strong>\u6216\u4e0a\u5347<\/strong>\u3002\u9759\u606f\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf<\/strong>\u3002\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u79f0\u4e3a\u53bb\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u5174\u594b\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7ec6\u80de\u66f4\u96be\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3.3.1 \u8f93\u5165\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u7ea7\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5904\u4e8e\u9759\u606f\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6d41\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6d41\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9759\u606f\u7535\u4f4d\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7269\u7406\u523a\u6fc0<\/strong>\u5f15\u53d1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u523a\u6fc0\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u53d7\u4f53\u86cb\u767d<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u819d\u8df3\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u62c9\u4f38\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u9053\u4f1a\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u819c\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u6253\u5f00\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u88ab\u62c9\u4f38\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u9053\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u5141\u8bb8Na+\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc5\u901f\u6d41\u5165\u611f\u89c9\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u79f0\u4e3a\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u62c9\u4f38\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u62c9\u4f38\u8d8a\u5927\u6216\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u6216\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2A<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u662f\u5206\u7ea7<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5168\u6216\u65e0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u53bb\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u5174\u594b\u6027<\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e2d\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u8d85\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\uff08\u6291\u5236\u6027<\/strong>\uff09\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u6b21\u5bf9\u62c9\u4f38\u523a\u6fc0<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u53bb\u6781\u5316\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f74\u7a81\u76f4\u5f84\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u66f4\u957f\uff1b\u76f4\u5f84\u8f83\u5c0f\u5219\u4f20\u64ad\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u77ed\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u819c\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7535\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u901a\u8fc7\u819c\uff0c\u5219\u4f20\u64ad\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u66f4\u77ed\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u819c\u88ab\u9ad3\u9798\u7edd\u7f18\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5219\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u62c9\u4f38\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a81\u81f32\u6beb\u7c73<\/strong>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u57281\u6beb\u7c73\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e45\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8870\u51cf\u5230\u539f\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u53f7\u5230\u810a\u9ad3\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u653e\u5927<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u819d\u8df3\u53cd\u5c04\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u5230\u8fbe\u8f74\u7a81\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90ce\u98de\u7ed3<\/strong>\u5e76\u4e14\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2B<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f1a\u65e0\u635f\u5730\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u5230\u810a\u9ad3\u4e2d\u7684\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u7aef\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2C<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u5904\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u819d\u8df3\u53cd\u5c04\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u9699\u4e2d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2D<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u9699\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u86cb\u767d<\/strong>\u8d28\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5f00\u542f\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053<\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u52a8\u4f1a\u77ed\u6682\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u4e5f\u662f\u5206\u7ea7<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u632f\u5e45<\/strong>\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53bb\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8d85\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4fe1\u53f7\u80fd\u591f\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8f74\u7a81\u8d77\u59cb\u6bb5<\/strong>\u5e76\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6811\u7a81<\/strong>\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u5bfc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u80fd\u591f\u589e\u5f3a\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f15\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c13\u7ae0<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u88683.1<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3.3.2 \u89e6\u53d1\u533a\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8c22\u6797\u987f\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u6574\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u533a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u8f74\u7a81\u8d77\u59cb\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe 3.3.2\uff1a<\/span>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u56db\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u808c\u8089\u62c9\u4f38<\/strong>\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u8be5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u53d7\u4f53<\/strong>\uff08\u808c\u68ad<\/strong>\uff09\u611f\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

A. \u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\uff09\u662f\u5206\u7ea7<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u632f\u5e45<\/strong>\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u4e0e\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

B. \u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u533a<\/strong>\uff0c\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u53bb\u6781\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5f53\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u7535\u538b\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ea\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5217<\/strong>\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u7ea7\u5e45\u5ea6<\/strong>\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u9891\u7387\u7f16\u7801<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

C. \u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fe1\u53f7\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u603b\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

D. \u5f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u5230\u8fbe\u7a81\u89e6\u672b\u68a2<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u91ca\u653e\u591a\u5c11\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8868 3.1<\/span> <\/span>\u5c40\u90e8\u88ab\u52a8\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u662f\u7531Na+<\/strong>\uff08\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7a81\u7136\u6d41\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u9053\u5bf9\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u5982\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u6216\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff09\u4f7f\u819c\u53bb\u6781\u5316<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u819c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00<\/strong>Na+\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4f7fNa+\u6cbf\u7740\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u533a\u57df\u6d41\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u8f74\u7a81\u8d77\u59cb\u6bb5<\/strong>\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u7535\u538b\u654f\u611f\u6027Na+\u901a\u9053<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u9608\u503c\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u819c\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u6bd4\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4f4d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u89e6\u53d1\u533a<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u6216\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u603b\u548c\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

3.3.3 \u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5168\u6216\u65e0\u4f20\u5bfc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u9075\u5faa\u5168\u6216\u65e0<\/strong>\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4f4e\u4e8e\u9608\u503c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9608\u503c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u5e45\u5ea6<\/strong>\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6216\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u9ad3\u8f74\u7a81\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u90ce\u98de\u7ed3\u7684\u518d\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u548c\u968f\u7740\u8ddd\u79bb\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5e45\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c0f\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5728\u6cbf\u7740\u8f74\u7a81\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8870\u51cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4f20\u9012\u957f\u8fbe1\u7c73\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u518d\u751f<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8fbe100\u7c73\u6bcf\u79d2<\/strong>\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4f20\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff08\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u8981\uff09\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89<\/strong>\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6216\u6ce2\u5f62<\/strong>\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.1.2<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u89c9\u8f74\u7a81<\/strong>\u4f20\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f74\u7a81<\/strong>\u4f20\u51fa\u5230\u808c\u8089\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f20\u5bfc\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/strong>\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694<\/strong>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2C<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u57281928\u5e74\u603b\u7ed3\u5176\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u5149\u611f\u3001\u89e6\u611f\u8fd8\u662f\u75db\u611f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u51b2\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u5c31\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u82e5\u9891\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u5c31\u76f8\u5e94\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u611f\u89c9\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6<\/strong>\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/strong>\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u4e5f\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u8dc3<\/strong>\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u8df3\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\uff09\u4f1a\u89c4\u5f8b\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u7206\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\uff09\u5219\u4f1a\u4ee5\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5174\u594b\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u8f93\u5165\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u6027\u8f93\u5165\u53ea\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u73b0\u6709\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u6291\u5236\u6027<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5728\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u6027\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u9650\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7ec6\u80de<\/strong>\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u5219\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6291\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u653e\u7535\u671f\u95f4\u5f15\u5165\u9759\u9ed8\u671f<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u66ff\u7684\u653e\u7535\u548c\u9759\u9ed8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u539f\u672c\u5728\u9759\u606f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653e\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u9891\u7387\u643a\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392<\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u653e\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u975e\u5e38\u523b\u677f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u643a\u5e26\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u4e0e\u871c\u8702\u89c6\u89c9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u4e0e\u871c\u8702\u8707\u4f24\u75bc\u75db\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1f\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fe1\u53f7\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u5728\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f62\u6210\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901a\u8def\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5149\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u76ae\u80a4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u89e6\u6478\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u901a\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

3.3.4 \u8f93\u51fa\u7ec4\u4ef6\u91ca\u653e\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u5f53\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u5230\u8fbe\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u7ec6\u80de\u91ca\u653e\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u79f0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982L-\u8c37\u6c28\u9178\u548c\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u80bd\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982P\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u9ec4\u4f53\u751f\u6210\u7d20\u91ca\u653e\u6fc0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u5206\u5b50\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u540d\u4e3a\u7a81\u89e6\u56ca\u6ce1<\/strong>\u7684\u4e9a\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56ca\u6ce1\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u7aef<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u91ca\u653e\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6027\u533a<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u9012\u8d28\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u56ca\u6ce1\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u5c06\u9012\u8d28\u55b7\u5c04\u5230\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u9699<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7b2c14\u7ae0<\/span>\u548c\u7b2c15\u7ae0<\/span>\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\n

\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5230\u8fbe\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.2C\u3001D<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u91ca\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u6269\u6563\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0a\u7684\u53d7\u4f53<\/strong>\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4f1a\u5728\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u53d7\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u5174\u594b\u6027<\/strong>\u6216\u6291\u5236\u6027<\/strong>\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

3.3.5 \u7275\u5f20\u53cd\u5c04\u901a\u8def\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ece\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8f6c\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u4ece\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4fe1\u53f7\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u7275\u5f20\u53cd\u5c04<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u808c\u8089\u88ab\u62c9\u4f38\u65f6\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u4e0a\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3.3.3A<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8be5\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5206\u7ea7\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u533a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u6216\u65e0<\/strong>\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u53bb\u6781\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u9891\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u56fe 3.3.3\uff1a<\/span>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u53cd\u5c04\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e8f\u5217<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A. \u808c\u8089\u62c9\u4f38<\/strong>\u4f1a\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\uff08\u808c\u68ad<\/strong>\uff09\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0e\u62c9\u4f38\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u901a\u8fc7\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\u4f20\u9012\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90ce\u98de\u6c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>\u5904\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u533a<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u7535\u4f4d\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u6cbf\u7740\u8f74\u7a81\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u8f74\u7a81\u672b\u7aef<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5316\u5b66\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u3002\u9012\u8d28\u6269\u6563\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u9699<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u672b\u7aef\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u5206\u5b50<\/strong>\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

B. \u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u533a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5904\u89e6\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u3002\u8be5\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u518d\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f74\u7a81\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u81f3\u5176\u672b\u7aef<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f15\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9760\u8fd1\u808c\u8089\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/strong>\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

C. \u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u4e0e\u808c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7684\u53d7\u4f53<\/strong>\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d\u89e6\u53d1\u808c\u8089\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u808c\u8089\u6536\u7f29<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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3.4 \u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6700\u5927<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u4f53<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bfc\u7535\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8f74\u7a81\u6216\u8f74\u7a81\u8fc7\u77ed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fe1\u53f7\u518d\u751f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6c47\u603b\u5e76\u88ab\u52a8\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u9760\u8fd1\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u672b\u68a2\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/span>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u7a81\u89e6\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u6fc0\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u594b\u6027\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8Na+\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5f62\u6001\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c10\u7ae0<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\u3001\u5174\u594b\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u653e\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7a81\u89e6\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653e\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f20\u9012\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fd8\u56e0\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u53d7\u4f53<\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u6216\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong>\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u808c\u840e\u7f29\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7<\/strong>\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e<\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5<\/strong>\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u7684\u665a\u671f<\/strong>\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\u3002\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u635f\u5bb3\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5df4\u80fa<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u611f\u53d7\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u4f53<\/strong>\u6216\u8f74\u7a81<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c57\u7ae0<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u91cd\u75c7\u808c\u65e0\u529b<\/strong>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u808c\u8089\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u9012\u8d28\u53d7\u4f53\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7a81\u89e6\u4f20\u9012<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u9762\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5668\u5b98\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u75be\u75c5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u5374\u60ca\u4eba\u5730\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3.5 \u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u8def\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d77\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7275\u5f20\u53cd\u5c04\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08\u5982\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u751f\u7b80\u5355\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u56de\u8def<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0e\u53cd\u5c04\u540c\u6837\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u547d\u4ee4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c31\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u8eab\u4f53\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9047\u5230\u6709\u5bb3\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u64a4\u9000\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u9891\u7387\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5149\u6697\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7275\u5f20\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u653e\u7535\u7387\u7f16\u7801\u808c\u8089\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/strong>\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u611f\u89c9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u7535\u7387\u7f16\u7801\u611f\u5b98\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u4f53\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u5c0f\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u611f\u77e5\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\u4f1a\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u6267\u884c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d<\/strong>\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u9891\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u80a1\u56db\u5934\u808c\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u819d\u8df3\u53cd\u5c04\uff09\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u653e\u7535\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u7ea7<\/strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002
\u5728\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u8054\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5206\u7ea7\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\u8fd8\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u5bf9\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c56\u7ae0<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7275\u5f20\u53cd\u5c04\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u601d\u8003\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8c03\u63a7\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u601d\u7ef4<\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5c04\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5f15\u53d1\u53cd\u5c04\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5c04\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u590d\u6742\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u523a\u6fc0\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u79cd\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f15\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u6027<\/strong>\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u60f3\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u611f\u89c9<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u4e0e\u6548\u5e94\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8054\u5408\u533a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0b\u8111\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u4e0e\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u8def\u51e0\u4e4e\u4f1a\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53cd\u5c04\u5f27\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u548c\u4f20\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u51b2\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f20\u5bfc\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8db3\u8e1d\u53cd\u5c04\u6bd4\u819d\u8df3\u53cd\u5c04\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u810a\u9ad3\u4e0e\u5c0f\u817f\u808c\u8089\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6bd4\u5927\u817f\u4f38\u808c\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u66f4\u8fdc\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5728\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u968f\u7740\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u8054\u5408\u533a<\/strong>\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u6301\u5206\u7ea7\u653e\u7535\u7387<\/strong>\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u8fbe\u6570\u79d2<\/strong>\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u611f\u89c9<\/strong>\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8<\/strong>\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u8054\u7cfb\u533a\u57df<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u53cd\u5c04\u884c\u4e3a\u90a3\u79cd\u77ac\u65f6\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u4e0e\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u53cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u53cd\u5c04\uff09\u6240\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u56de\u8def\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3.6 \u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong>\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u53d1\u6301\u7eed\u6570\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff1f\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u5361\u54c8\u5c14<\/strong>\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6ce2\u5170\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u6cfd\u00b7\u79d1\u8bfa\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/strong>\u4e8e1948\u5e74\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a”\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5174\u594b\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5174\u594b\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u523a\u6fc0\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u79f0\u4e3a\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002”<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u7a81\u89e6<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\uff08\u51e0\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u8457\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u51cf\u5f31<\/strong>\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u957f\u671f\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u51e0\u5929\u6216\u66f4\u4e45\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u4fee\u526a\u6216\u65b0\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u751f\u957f<\/span>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u7a81\u89e6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u5851\u6027<\/strong>\u8d4b\u4e88\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3.7 \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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1. \u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/strong>\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u4ee5\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u5219\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u53d7\u4f53\u6216\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff1b\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u4ea7\u751f\u5168\u6216\u65e0\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u6cbf\u7740\u8f74\u7a81<\/strong>\u518d\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7a81\u89e6\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u808c\u8089\u6216\u817a\u4f53\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u91ca\u653e\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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2. \u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u652f\u6301\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u79cd\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edd\u7f18<\/strong>\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u5728\u8f74\u7a81\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ef4\u6301\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u8840\u7ba1\u4f9b\u5e94<\/strong>\u76f8\u8026\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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3. \u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5982\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u53d7\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u5408\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28<\/strong>\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053<\/strong>\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong>\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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4. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u56de\u8def\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/strong>\u7275\u5f20\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u8def\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6574\u5408\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u808c\u8089\u65f6\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u6297\u808c\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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5. \u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdc\u6bd4\u53cd\u5c04\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u5982\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0d\u53d7\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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6. \u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u56de\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u56de\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6574\u7406\u81eaPrinciples of Neural Science, Sixth Edition\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u521d\u7a3f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8eGitHub\/OpenHUTB\uff0c\u672c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6821\u5bf9\u6392\u7248\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8d2d\u4e70\u539f\u7248\u4e66\u7c4d\u53ef\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002<\/span>
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\u2014 THE  END \u2014<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6765\u6e90 | Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6587\u6392\u7248 | \u674e\u828b\u5cad<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ba1\u6838\u4fee\u6539 | \u738b\u5764<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u2589  \u5f80\u671f\u63a8\u9001\u5408\u8f91<\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n
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